Literature Review - Urban Sanctuary, Migrant Solidarity and Hospitality in Asia
Description: Urban sanctuaries, migrant solidarity, and migrant hospitalities have emerged as significant concepts in the studies of migration and refugees, undocumented migrants, displaced people, etc. However, these connotations have mostly been used in America, Canada, and some of the European countries. In such countries, cities are often more adaptive and accommodative of migrants, refugees, and undocumented or displaced people than their nation-states. Nation-states follow more exclusionary practices regarding migrants and refugees, whereas cities have been inclusive. In the USA, the UK, and Canada such cities are known as sanctuarycities (Bauder, 2017); in Continental Europe and Latin America, these cities are labelled as solidarity cities or cities of refuge, and ‘welcoming cities’ (Christoph and Kron, 2019). Launched in 2016, the ‘Solidarity Cities’ network was initiated by several European mayors under the umbrella of the EUROCITIES network to promote the reception and integration of refugees and undocumented migrants (Christoph and Kron, 2019).
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